請保重身體

不用手術現在又想要移除精神診斷，所以就會變成自由心証換證囉？

AntiaC: 當然，畢竟｢性別是流動的｣

保重身體啊丁大！

與其說德國精神科保守，不如說是專業訓練嚴謹

丁大，保重身體

不好意思啊，謝謝大家關心，結果我今天都在昏睡。

Germany's Transgender Law seen as 'archaic, degrading'
〈德國的跨性別法律被視為「過時的」、「羞辱的」〉

Trans* people in Germany are subjected to a long, expensive assessment process to change their legal gender. Efforts to introduce a new self-determination law have been delayed — but activists say it is badly needed.

跨性別人們在德國必須接受耗時且昂貴的評估過程才能改變法律性別。新的自決法案被延遲，但社會運動者認為這有迫切的需要。

"Degrading, expensive and illogical" — that is how one trans* person described her experience of legally changing her gender in Germany.

「羞辱、昂貴而且不合邏輯」，一名跨性別者如此描述她在德國更改法律性別的經驗。

Felicia Rolletschke is one of many activists who is fighting for a reform to the so-called Transsexual Law, which determines the legal process for trans* people to change their gender and name in Germany.

Felicia Rolletschke 是其中一名社會運動者，致力於改革所謂的變性人法案，這法案決定德國跨性別者如何更改他們的社會性別與名字的程序。

The law has been in place for exactly 40 years, as of 2021. During this time many countries around the world have seen great upheaval in their legislation around trans* rights. The top German constitutional court has also recommended a change in the law several times, most recently in 2011.

這法案至2021年已經實行了40年。在這個期間，世界上有許多國家都已經劇烈地改變了他們關於跨權的立法。
德國最高憲法法庭也已經好幾次建議要更改法律，最近一次是2011年。

The German government confirmed in February 2021 they had drafted a bill of a new "self-determination law" (Selbstbestimmungsgesetz), after it was leaked on an ultraconservative website.

遭保守派網站披露以後，德國政府證實在2021年2月他們已經起草一個法案是新的自決法案(Selbstbestimmungsgesetz)。

While the bill has not been published officially, activists hoped its existence meant they could expect streamlining and modernization of the process.

儘管這個草案還沒有正式公布，社會運動者們期待它的存在代表著他們可以期待簡化流程與現代化。

But the government has made it clear that no such reform can be expected any time soon.

但是政府已經明確表達，不要期待立刻進行改革。

Payment holds trans* people back

收費阻礙了跨性別人們

"It really is such a hassle and inconvenience to change your legal name and gender," Rolletschke explained. She should know — she went through the process herself, between 2015 and 2018.

Rolletschke解釋道：「要更改你的法律姓名與社會性別真的非常麻煩又不便。」她很清楚，因為她自己在2015至2018經歷整個程序。

Rolletschke is a 26-year-old workshop leader and public speaker based in Berlin. After growing up in a "very Catholic" Bavarian village of 4,000 people, she moved to the German capital at the age of 17 to attend university.

Rolletschke是一名26歲的工作坊領導者兼公眾演講者，主要在柏林活動。她成長於一個天主教氣氛濃厚的巴伐利亞四千人村莊，在17歲的時候搬到德國的首都上大學。

It was there that she came out as a trans* woman for the first time, at 21.
在柏林她以跨女的身份首次出櫃，在21歲的時候。

After coming to terms with her identity and coming out to friends and family, Rolletschke began the process of legally changing her name and gender in the German courts.

在逐漸接受她的自我認同還有向親友出櫃以後，Rolletschke開始向法院申請更改她的姓名與社會性別。

"In late 2015, before I even came out properly, I found a really good therapist," Rolletschke said. "Then we agreed I should begin the paperwork for the court in order to change my name, even before I began hormone therapy and surgery. But in order to get that process started, I needed to pay €1,600 ($1,955)."

她說：「在2015年底，甚至在我開始恰當地出櫃以前，我找到了一名非常好的治療師，然後我們都同意我應該開始準備給法院的文件，為了改變我的名字，甚至在我開始荷爾蒙治療跟手術之前。但是為了讓整個程序開始，我必須付一千六百歐元(一千九百五十五美元)*。」

*註：2015年約等於台幣五萬五。

This payment is often a barrier for trans* people, especially those who are younger and lack independent resources. Rolletschke was also hampered by being under 25, meaning any state financial support she could receive was assessed based on her parents' income.

這項收費通常對跨性別人們來說是個阻礙，尤其是那些比較年輕而且缺乏獨立資源的人。Rolletschke也曾受挫於不滿25歲，代表她所能取得的任何國家經濟援助都是基於她父母的收入來評估。

But by this time her mother had cut off contact with her.

但是當時她的母親已經跟她切斷了聯繫。

"It shouldn't be a requirement to have enough money lying around in order to change your legal name," Rolletschke said.

Rolletschke說：「更改你的法律名字不應該取決於有沒有足夠的錢啊！」

Assessments by psychotherapists

心理治療師的評估

According to Kalle Hümpfner from the German Trans* Association (BVT), this amount is typical. "We often see costs of several thousand euros," they said. "These hurdles are far too high."

根據德國跨性聯盟的Kalle Hümpfner所言，這個價格是很典型的。他們說：「我們常常看到數千歐元的開銷，這障礙真的太高了。」

After an initial hearing with a judge, the money is needed for applicants to pay for two "expert opinions" — in almost all cases, licensed psychotherapists — who both need to independently assess the trans* person in question.

在最初跟法官的聽證會以後，這筆錢是必須的，用以申請兩位專家的意見－－在大部分的情況下，指的是有證照的心理師－－他們兩者必須是獨立地分別接觸到跨性別當事人。

"You are assigned the psychotherapists [by the court]," Rolletschke explained. "You can request which ones you get and in Berlin normally you are assigned who you want — but that is not necessarily common in the rest of Germany."

「你會被（法庭）指定心理師，」 Rolletschke解釋道。「你可以要求要哪位心理師，在柏林你通常會被指定你想要的對象－－但在德國其他地方這就並非常態了。」

Rolletschke described her experience with the psychotherapists as mostly based on "old-fashioned gender roles."

Rolletschke描述她與心理師的互動經驗多半都奠基於「過時的社會性別角色」。

"My two assessments each took two hours, four hours in total. They are psychological assessments where they talk about your entire life story. They ask about sexual experiences, sexual orientation, fetishes, family structures. They covered many topics that were not relevant to gender," she said.

她說：「我的兩次評估分別耗時兩小時，總共四小時。它們都是心理評估談及你的整個生命故事。他們詢問性經驗、性傾向、性癖、家庭結構。它們涵蓋了很多主題都跟社會性別(gender)無關。」

As someone trying to change her legal gender to female, Rolletschke believed she was particularly judged based on her adherence to a stereotypical female appearance.

身為一個意圖更改她的法律性別為女性的人，Rolletschke相信她尤其被評斷是否依從女性外表的刻板印象。

"They judged how well my makeup was applied. They also noted that I crossed my legs when I sat down," she said. "And they judged my sexual orientation. For example, if you are a trans* woman and you are interested in men exclusively, that means bonus points."

「他們評估我的妝上得多好。他們也注意到我坐下的時候會交叉雙腿，」她說。「然後他們評斷我的性向。舉例來說，如果你是跨女而只對男人有興趣，這代表有額外加分。」

"It felt like they came from a place of pathologization. They seem to believe that being trans* is a mental illness."

「我覺得他們把甚麼都視為病態，他們似乎相信當一個跨性別是一種心理疾病。」

The idea that being transgender is a mental disorder was dismissed by the World Health Organization in 2019.

作為跨性別是一種心理症狀的概念已經被世界衛生組織在2019年摒棄了。

The assessors then submit their findings to the relevant judge. According to Hümpfner, 99% of the expert opinions ultimately come to the same conclusion as what the trans* person has said about themselves.

這些評估者之後會把他們的發現送給相關的法官。根據Hümpfner所言，百分之九十九的專家意見最終都跟跨性別者對自身的看法一致。

"They are not only superfluous, but can also be degrading and invasive for trans* people," said Hümpfner.

Hümpfner說：「它們（評估）不但是多餘的，而且對跨性別者來說是羞辱又侵略性的。」

Rolletschke had to wait another two months after her assessments before, in early 2018, she received the letter that her change of gender and name had been approved. All in all, the process had lasted over two years and cost thousands of euros, hours of her time and a great deal of stress.

Rolletschke在前述評估以後又必須多等兩個月，在2018年初，她收到了信同意她申請更改社會性別與姓名。總而言之，這個過程超過兩年，花費數千歐元，花她好多小時還有極大的壓力。

Self-determination for ages 14 and above?
適用於十四歲以上的自我決定？

It is this process that the self-determination law hopes to simplify, by replacing the 40-year-old Transsexual Law. Two separate bills, proposed by opposition parties the Greens and the pro-business FDP in 2020, call for a system that would allow self-determination for those aged 14 and above.

藉由替換掉這部40年的老法案，這就是自我決定法希望能簡化的過程。
兩部不同的法案，由反對黨綠黨與支持商業的FDP在2020年提案．呼籲一個自我決定的法案給那些年滿十四歲及以上的人。

自由民主党 (德国) - 维基百科，自由的百科全书联盟90/绿党 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书註：這兩個德國政黨目前已經組成了紅綠燈聯合政府執政。加上德國社會民主黨（ Social Democratic Party/SPD)。

"From the age of 14, young people can decide independently of their parents whether to join or leave a religious community," Hümpfner pointed out.

"Freedom of religion is a fundamental right. The recognition of one's own gender identity is also protected by fundamental rights such as the protection of human dignity or the right to the free development of personality."

Hümpfner指出：「年滿十四歲以後，年輕人就可以獨立於父母決定要不要加入或離開宗教社群，宗教自由是一種基本權利。認可一個人自身的性別認同也是受保護的基本權利，例如保護個人尊嚴或是人格發展的自由權利。」

The proposed change to the law would allow individuals to change their legal gender. This does not affect the process to receive hormone treatment or surgery, which is carried out separately in consultation with a medical doctor.

提議修法能讓個人改變他們的法律性別。這並不會影響他們取得賀爾蒙治療或是手術的過程，這些可以在醫師的診療下分開進行。

"The thing is — legally changing your name is not that irreversible a step," said Rolletschke. "And even if people do regret that step, that is the one thing that is easy to reverse."

Rolletschke說：「重點是，在法律上更改你的名字並不是一個不可回復的步驟，就算人們後悔了這一步，也是很容易修復的。」

Germany lags behind
德國落後了

There is precedence for reforms for trans* rights in Germany — the Transsexual Law was amended in previous decades to remove a requirement for infertility and evidence of surgery before applicants could change their gender.

德國應該優先考量改善跨權--變性法十年多前已經被修正了，移除了無生殖能力的要求與手術證明，在申請者更改社會性別之前。

In 2017, Germany added a third legal gender — "divers" — to the options on official forms.

在2017年德國在正式文件上加上了第三法律性別的選項「多樣的」。

In March 2021, Germany passed legislation to recognize and protect intersex children.

在2021年三月，德國通過了立法認可並保護間性人兒童。

But a law of self-determination would bring Germany up to speed with many European Union partners and other countries around the world.

但一部自我決定的法案能讓德國跟上很多歐盟夥伴跟世界上其他國家。

Activists had hoped that the bill would make further progress before the general election planned in September 2021, but developments appear to have stalled.

社運者希望這部法案在2021年九月的大選前能造就更多進展，但發展似乎停滯不前。

Rolletschke is not convinced there will be progress any time soon.

Rolletschke不相信很快會有進展。

"I really see German legislation as too conservative at the moment," Rolletschke said. "But I think it is really good we had a conversation about it."

Rolletschke說：「我現在真的覺得德國立法太保守了，但我認為我們有過對話很好。」

"Just talking about changing this archaic law is a step in the right direction. I hope it will work, but I am not too optimistic."

「光是談到改變這部過時的法律就是朝向正確方向的一步了。我希望它會有用，但我並不是太樂觀。」

Editor's note: This article was updated in March 2021 from a previous version to reflect recent developments

編者註：這文章在2021三月更新過以反映當前的發展

（完）

@ironyaria2 - 我終於翻完這篇了 在我狂吐掉了十幾公斤以後竟然就過了三個月啊後續追蹤